ABSTRACT
Background: Damage to hepatocytes, e.g., necrosis, inflammation and degenerative disease causes release of liver enzymes into the circulation and they are measured both for diagnosis and prognosis of disease. The objective of this study was to see the protective effect of turmeric powder on liver enzymes against Nimesulide-induced hepatic injury in rat model
Methods: Forty [40] male albino Wistar rats were divided into four groups. In group A, normal diet was given for 9 days while in group B, Nimesulide was given for 9 days followed by turmeric powder for next 9 days; while turmeric powder for 9 days followed by Nimesulide for next 9 days was used in group C. Group D received Nimesulide in adjunct with Turmeric powder for 9 days. After 24 hours of feeding, Blood samples from groups A and D were taken for biochemical analysis of serum levels of ALT, AST, Alkaline Phosphatase and γ-GT at days 0 and 9. For groups B and C blood samples were collected at day 1, day 9 and day 18. The results were statistically analyzed by using SPSS-21 and Statistix 8.1
Results: In control group A, the results were found almost same on day 1 and 9. The group B shows a high value on day 9 in comparison to day 1, but after treatment with turmeric there is a marked reduction towards normal in all parameters on day 18. The group C show initially reduction in the values of all parameter on day 9 after taking the turmeric powder but there is an incline after taking Nimesulide. The group D received Nimesulide in adjunct with Turmeric powder for 9 days show slight increase in the results from day 1 in all parameters. The results were found significant [p<0.05] in the three treated groups
Conclusion: Turmeric has hepatoprotective properties against hepatotoxicity produced by Nimesulide
ABSTRACT
Objective: Evaluating the effects of Povidone- Iodine against the surgical site infection in post- appendectomy wound infection
Study design: Randomized clinical trial
Place and duration: Department of Surgery, Isra University Hospital Hyderabad from January 2016 to December 2017
Subjects and Methods: Patients of acute appendicitis with classical clinical presentation were selected according to inclusion and exclusion criteria. 60 patients were those in which wound was irrigated with 1% povidone-iodine solution versus 60 patients in whom wound not irrigated with it before skin closure. Data was analyzed on SPSS 22.0 using Student t-test and Chi- square test respectively. Data was analyzed at 95% confidence interval [P=0.05]. P-value of =0.05 was taken statistically
Results: Mean +/- SD age of control and cases was noted as 22.5 +/- 7.5 and 23.5 +/- 6.5 years respectively [P=0.86]. Male and female population in control and cases were noted as 45 [75%] and 15 [25%] and 47 [78.33%] and 13 [21.66%] respectively [P >0.05]. Grade 4 pus discharging wound infection was noted in 3.33% in control compared to 1.66% in cases [P= 0.87]. Normal wound healing [grad 0] was noted in 37 [61.6%] and 43 [71.6%] of control and cases respectively. In control grade 1-4 lesions were noted in 38.4% compared to 28.4% in cases [P < 0.05]
Conclusion: Simple irrigation of appendectomy wound with 1% povidone- iodine significantly prevents against the surgical site infection and pus formation
ABSTRACT
Background: Due to considerable lack of knowledge among working class women and housewives [with no/low literacy level] about the prime sources of dietary iron and the use for their own health during child bearing age is a dilemma that affects the entire family system resulting in decreased haemoglobin level and consequent anaemia during and after pregnancy and its effect on quality of breast milk due to which the child suffers
Objective: To assess the lactoferrin levels in breast milk with haemoglobin percentage among lactating women of low and high socio-economic status and to compare both the groups for the same
Methodology: A total of 60 lactating mothers were involved in this study. Among them 30 belonged to the population of high socioeconomic status [H group] and 30 belongs to the population of low socioeconomic status [L group]. The demographic data was compiled on a questionnaire proforma. 2 ml of blood was collected in EDTA bottles in each case and sent to clinical laboratory for the estimation of haemoglobin%. 5-10 ml of breast milk was collected with breast pump into sterile bottle. The assistance of nurses on duty was employed to aseptically collect the samples. The mother's consent was also obtained before collection. The samples were transported on dry ice to the clinical laboratory for estimation of the lactoferrin levels using ELISA Method
Results: The mean haemoglobin saturation in whole blood was calculated, in L group was 52.9% as compared to 63.6% in H group. These findings were found statistically significant [p<0.05] in each group and also when comparing both groups. The mean lactoferrin level in L group was 2.472 mg/ml as compared to 3.56 mg/ml in H group. These findings were found statistically significant [p<0.05] in each group and also when comparing both groups. The results of lactoferrin level were also found significant in all age groups
Conclusion: The current study highlights the importance of health of lactating women in order to improve the quality of milk for their babies. The data extracted shows significant difference in the lactoferrin levels of milk between low and high socioeconomic population which significantly correlates with percentage of haemoglobin, and also in different age groups of both classes indicated by the level of the lactoferrin in their milk
ABSTRACT
To study the profile of atopic dermatitis in patients presenting at outpatient department of Dermatology of Isra University Hospital, Hyderabad. Observational study. This study was carried out at the Department of Dermatology, Isra UniversityHospital, Hyderabad from April 2012 to April 2014. A sample of 100 patients of atopic dermatitis was selected through non probability purposive sampling as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. Atopic dermatitis was diagnosed on the basis of patient history and clinical presentation and clinical findings. The findings were collected on a predesigned structured proforma. Written informed consent was taken from the willing participants. Ethical approval was taken from the institute. Data was analyzed on SPSS 21.0 [IBM, incorporation, USA]. Categorical variables were analyzed using chi square. P-value of statistical significance was taken at
Subject(s)
Humans , Infant, Newborn , Child , Child, Preschool , Infant , Dermatology , Skin Diseases , Rhinitis, Allergic , Asthma , Outpatients , Hospitals, UniversityABSTRACT
The present study was conducted to investigate the prevalence of skin diseases in patients reporting at the Out Patient Department of Isra University Hospital Hyderabad. Cross sectional study. This study was carried out at Out Patient Department of Isra University Hospital Hyderabad from April 2006 - April 2014. A total of 2067 patients [1096 males and 971 females] were examined initially. Patients were selected through non probability purposive sampling as per inclusion and exclusion criteria. Because of limited time and workforce, only six dermatoses of main interest were recorded. Patients were examined by consultant dermatologist. Written informed consent was taken from the willing participants. Ethical approval was taken from the institute. Data was analyzed on SPSS 21.0 [IBM, incorporation, USA]. Categorical variables were analyzed using chi square. P-value of statistical significance was taken at
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Child , Adolescent , Adult , Scabies , Melanosis , Dermatitis, Atopic , Cross-Sectional Studies , Prevalence , Outpatients , Hospitals, UniversityABSTRACT
To evaluate the role of monocyte count in patients presenting for coronary artery heart disease and to assess its significance as a risk factor. Cross sectional study. This study was carried on the patients taken from Coronary Care Unit [CCU] Department of Isra University Hospital, Dewan-e-Mushtaque CCU and from Red Crescent Hospital CCU from May 2011 to October 2011. In this study 140 individuals were enrolled to observe the monocyte count in patients with coronary artery disease. In control group 42, Stable Coronary Artery Disease [CAD] 34 and Acute Myocardial Infarction [AMI] 64 individuals were taken. Three ml of blood was collected in EDTA bottles for differential leukocyte count [DLC] from each patient presenting with chest pain in coronary care unit. The total leukocyte count [TLC] and other parameters were determined by different automatic analyzers in the clinical laboratory. In all three groups male predominance with 70/o, 64% and 64% in Stable CAD, control, and AMI group was seen respectively. In stable CAD group highest percentage [53%] of patients were seen in 56 to 65 years age followed by 50% of patients of 35-45 years and 42% of patients of 46-55 years in control and AMI group respectively. Both in stable CAD and AMI groups; monocyte count was highly significant in diabetic patients however in individuals with higher BMI; monocyte count was significantly increased in AMI group than stable CAD and control groups. It is concluded from the present study that monocyte count has significant relationship between clinical stages of CAD and diabetic patients. However individuals with higher BMI showed significant high levels of monocyte count in AMI group only
ABSTRACT
Objectives: To observe the cutaneous leishmaniasis [CL] in the flood affectee camps residents of Gari Khairo and Dadu districts of Sindh
Study Design: A Cross sectional study
Place And Duration: Flood affectee camps of Ghari Khairo and Dadu Districts, from July-December 2010
Methodology: A sample of 478 subjects having skin lesions was included in this cross sectional study. Skin lesions were observed clinically for the characteristics peculiar to the CL. Skin smears taken form skin lesions were stained with Giemsa or Leishman stains to detect Leishman-Donovan bodies. Definitive diagnosis of CL was made on the basis of clinical findings and skin smear as defined by WHO. Data was collected on a pre-structured proforma. Verbal consent was sought from the subjects. Variables were presented as frequencies and percentages. The data was analyzed on SPSS version 17.0 [Chicago, IL, USA] for windows release
Results: Out of 478, the CL was diagnosed in 111 [23.22%] subjects. Out of 111 subjects, 56 [50.4%] were male and 55 [49.6%] were female. The mean age in children, male and female was 6.3+/-4.1, 47+/-11.2, and 51+/-9.8 years respectively. The predominant lesions noted were indurated erythematous plaque, followed by plaque with crusted margins, nodules, papules and non-healing ulcers. Most of the CL lesions were noted on face followed by hand, feet and mixed sites respectively
Conclusion: We report that the cutaneous leishmaniasis is spreading in Sindh and unnoticed cases are present as a source of this vector borne disease
ABSTRACT
Objectives: To find out the simple, economical and diagnostic test for detecting Acute Myocardial Infraction [AMI] at distant areas
Study Design: Cross sectional study
PLACE AND DURATION: Six months
Methodology: 03 ml of blood sample was collected from 140 patients presenting to the Emergency /Coronary Care Units of hospitals viz Isra University Hyderabad, Red Crescent Hyderabad and Civil Hospital Hyderabad. The slides were prepared and white blood cells were counted microscopically at Post Graduate laboratory of Isra University Hyderabad
Results: In present study Neutrophil/Lymphocyte [N/L] ratio was observed and compared in both subjects [cardiac and non-cardiac]
The N/L ratio was found to be normal in non-cardiac patients but was significantly raised in patients with myocardial infarction
Especially in Acute Myocardial Infarction with ST segment elevation [AMI-STE] in comparison to Acute Myocardial Infarction with non STsegment elevation [AMI-NSTE] was also observed [p< 0.001]
Conclusion: The N/L ratio was significantly raised in patients with AMI suggesting an additional diagnostic parameter for AMI at primary health care units
ABSTRACT
Objectives: To observe and assess the efficacy of Aloe Vera extract on skin wound healing
Study Design: Analytic and experimental
Place And Duration: Departments of Physiology, Pathology and Postgraduate Research Lab of ISRA University Hyderabad, from June 2011 to December 2011
Methodology: 20 millimeter long cuts were made over the back of 18 rabbits. The rabbits were divided into three groups A,B and C, each comprising 06 numbers, and treated daily for 11 days with Xylo Aid, mixture of Xylo Aid and Alo Vera extract and Aloe Vera extract, and marked blue, black and green respectively. Taking the operation day as zero, 3 rabbits were sacrificed after 24 hours and then alternatively till the llth post-operative day. The entire wound area along with 4-5 mm of the surrounding skin was excised and fixated in 10% formaldehyde, after processing sections were made stained with Hand E and observed under microscope, the fibroblasts were counted to see the quality of wound healing, keeping group A as control the results were tabulated
Results: Visual observation showed that by llth day post wounding the recovery was 75% approximately with Aloe Vera extract application, 50% and 30% was observed with mixture application and Xylo Aid respectively
Conclusion: Aloe Vera application for 11 days on rabbit skin wound showed better healing process in comparison to mixture and Xylo Aid
ABSTRACT
Objective: To determine the role of zinc sulphate as a hepatoprotective agent in acetaminophen-induced histopathological changes in animal model
Design:Experimental observational study
Setting: Department of Pharmacology and Pathology, ISRA University, Hyderabad and Department of Pathology, Peoples Medical College, Nawabshah
Duration: 1 st December 2009 to 31 st March 2010
Methodology: Ninety healthy albino rats [weight 18-32 g] were divided into three main groups [n=30]. Group A, which served as control, was maintained on 0.9% normal saline; Group B was given acetaminophen 250 mg/kg as a single dose; Group C was maintained on 1-5 mg/kg zinc sulphate for 1-7 days, before a single dose of acetaminophen 250 mg/kg. Biochemical studies were done 6 hours after acetaminophen administration. At the end of the treatment, all animals were weighed and sacrificed, the liver excised for gross and histopathological examination. Data were statistically evaluated using the Chi- square test
Results: The protective effect of zinc was demonstrated with the reduction in the levels of serum concentration of liver enzymes [aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, lactate dehydrogenase, and serum sorbitol dehydrogenase], with histopathological changes of centrilobular congestion, and hepatocellular degeneration and necrosis. Histopathological assessment showed typical pathological changes of centrizonal necrosis, steatosis, leukocyte infiltration, portal triaditis, and edema in those animals that received acetaminophen only. Pretreatment of the animals with zinc sulphate led to dose- dependent avoidance of these changes
Conclusion: Zinc produces a hepatoprotective effect by preventing the ultrastructural injury of hepatic tissue and the disturbance of free amino acid metabolism caused by a toxic dose of acetaminophen
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Objective: To determine the prevalence of musculoskeletal complications and recommend remedies to computer users at ISRA University, Hyderabad
Design:Descriptive cross-sectional study
Place and Duration: This study was conducted from October 2009 to March 2010 at ISRA University, Hyderabad
Methodology: One hundred computer users [54 males and 46 females] of Isra University were enrolled in this study. Through a questionnaire, data were collected and statistically evaluated using the Chi-square test. Furthermore, remedies [rest, physiotherapy, nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs [NSAIDS] and muscle relaxant] were prescribed for relief, according to the grading of complications
Results: The frequency of musculoskeletal complications in either group [male or female] was 52.63% in those who had been in contact with computers for less than or equal to 2 hrs, 68.18% between 2-4 hrs, 81.48% between 4-6 hrs, and 93.75% more than 6 hrs, respectively. The frequency of musculoskeletal complications [neck pain, low backache, shoulder pain, and elbow and wrist pain] was graded according to a scale of pain ranging from grade I to grade V with respect to the number of hours spent with computers
Conclusion: The results of the study revealed that most subjects had complaints of musculoskeletal complications directly proportional to the extensive use of a computer. The pattern observed in evaluating pain on a grading scale suggests opportunities for remedies
ABSTRACT
The effect of different concentrations [10 microg, 25 microg, 50 microg/ml] of crude snake venom on protein contents of different normal tissues of rabbit was studied. Our objective was to determine and compare the effectiveness of snake venom [SV] on normal tissues before its use in vivo for the treatment of different diseases, especially cancers. Surgical portions of normal tissues of liver, heart, and kidney were removed from rabbits and homogenized. All homogenate samples were incubated with and without SV for 30 minutes at 37°C and measured with the spectrophotometer [Spectron 21]. The in vitro effect of cobra snake venom on total proteins was quantitatively evaluated in different normal rabbit tissues. The different concentrations of SV i.e. 10 microg, 25 microg, and 50 microg/ml demonstrated a significant linear increase in protein concentrations against controls. Significant and linear increases in protein concentrations suggest multiple sites/receptors for venom to act and disintegrate the macromolecules of proteins. The increase in the numbers of small proteins/peptides provides evidence for the venom-specific actions. A concentration of 10 micro g/ml could be of therapeutic potential